Meccanica quantistica ed evoluzione nei rapporti tra Fisica e Matematica all’inizio del XX secolo

The paper deals with a sort of discrepancy between the historical development of Quantum Mechanics and the way it is generally taught. Quantum Mechanics is usually presented after its fundamental postulates, while this is not easy to connect to the real historical evolution of the basic ideas. Nevertheless, an historical perspective of the evolution of Quantum Mechanics can be obtained if we regard it as a fruitful synthesis of Mathematics and Physics in the 1920s. In this way a deep connection can be recognized between the postulate-based Quantum Mechanics and the axiomatization of Mathematics proposed by Hilbert at the beginning of the XX century.